Aciculate Surface-Venation-Texture | Finely marked as with pin pricks, fine lines usually randomly arranged. | |
Acrodromous Venation | With two or more primary or strongly developed secondary veins diverging at or above the base of the blade and running in convergent arches toward the apex over some or all of the blade length, the arches not basally curved. | |
Actinodromous Venation | With three or more primary veins diverging radially from a single point at or above the base of the blade and running toward the margin, reaching it or not. | |
Alate Surface-Venation-Texture | Winged. | |
Alveolate Surface-Venation-Texture | Honey-combed. | |
Areolate Surface-Venation-Texture | Divided into many angular or squarish spaces. | |
Brochidodromous Venation | With a single primary vein, the secondary veins not terminating at the margin but joined together in a series of prominent upward arches or marginal loops on each side of the primary vein. | |
Bullate Surface-Venation-Texture | Puckered or blistered. | |
Campylodromous Venation | With several primary veins or their branches diverging at or close to a single point and running in strongly developed, basally recurved arches which converge toward the apex, reaching it or not. | |
Canaliculate Surface-Venation-Texture | Longitudinally grooved, usually in relation to petioles or midribs. | |
Cancellate or Clathrate Surface-Venation-Texture | Latticed. | |
Cladodromous Venation | With a single primary vein, the secondary veins not terminating at the margin and freely ramified toward it. | |
Corrugate Surface-Venation-Texture | Ridged. | |
Costate Surface-Venation-Texture | Coarsely ribbed. | |
Craspedodromous Venation, Mixed | With a single primary vein, some of the secondary veins terminating at the margin and an approximately equal number otherwise. | |
Craspedodromous Venation, Simple | With a single primary vein, all of the secondary veins and their branches terminating at the margin. | |
Dichotomous Venation | With veins branching or forking in pairs equally. |  |
Eucamptodromous Venation | With a single primary vein, the secondary veins curved upward and gradually iminishing distally within the margin and interconnected by a series of cross-veins without forming conspicuous marginal loops. | |
Fenestrate Surface-Venation-Texture | With windowlike holes through the leaves or other structures. | |
Flexuous Surface-Venation-Texture | Coarsely undulate with folds at right angles to long axis. | |
Foveolate Surface-Venation-Texture | Pitted. | |
Free Venation | No veins uniting to form a network. | |
Hyphodromous Venation | With a single primary vein and all other venation absent, rudimentaryj or concealed within a coriaceous or fleshy blade. | |
Netted or Reticulate Venation | With veins forming a network. |  |
Palinactinodromous Venation | Actinodromous, the primary veins with one or more subsidiary radiations above the primary one. | |
Palmately or Digitately Netted Venation | With three or more primary veins arising from a common point. |  |
Parallel Venation | With veins extending from base to apex, essentially parallel. |  |
Parallelodromous Venation | With two or more primary veins originating beside one another at the blade base and running more or less parallel to the apex where they converge. | |
Penni-parallel Venation | With veins extending from midrib to margins, essentially parallel. |  |
Pinnately Netted Venation | With secondary veins arising from midrib or midvein |  |
Plicate or Plaited Surface-Venation-Texture | Fluted, longitudinally folded. | |
Punctate Surface-Venation-Texture | Covered with minute impressions or depressions. | |
Pustulate Surface-Venation-Texture | With scattered blisterlike swellings. | |
Reticulate Surface-Venation-Texture | Netted. | |
Reticulodromous Venation | With a single primary vein, the secondary veins not terminating at the margin and losing their identities near the margin by repeated branching, yielding a dense reticulum. | |
Ribbed Surface-Venation-Texture | With longitudinal nerves. | |
Ringed Surface-Venation-Texture | With old bud scale scar rings. | |
Rugose Surface-Venation-Texture | Covered with coarse reticulate lines. | |
Ruminate Surface-Venation-Texture | Coarsely wrinkled, appearing as chewed. | |
Scarred Surface-Venation-Texture | With old leaf base, stipular and/or branch scar regions. | |
Semicraspedodromous Venation | With a single primary vein, the secondary veins branching just within the margin, one branch from each terminating at the margin and the other forming a marginal loop and joining the superadjacent secondary vein. | |
Smooth or Plane Surface-Venation-Texture | Without configuration. | |
Striate Surface-Venation-Texture | With longitudinal lines. |  |
Sulcate Surface-Venation-Texture | With longitudinal grooves. | |
Tortuous Surface-Venation-Texture | Having the surface variously twisted. | |
Venation | Vein arrangement visible on the surface. Based on Hickey [1973] | |