Notes on Florida’s Endangered and Threatened Plants1

4th Edition, August 2003

Nancy C. Coile2
updated by Mark A. Garland3

Threatened Plant List

Scientific Name References Common Name Family Descriptions
1. Acanthocereus pentagonus (L.) Britt. and Rose 

[In the 1998 Rule, listed as: Cereus pentagonus (L.) Haw.]

Kartesz: A. tetragonus (L.) Humm.
 
 
 

| Atlas FL, TX, Mexico, West Indies, South America 

Benson, 563-565

Long and Lakela, 628-629

Small, 915, as Acanthocereus

Wunderlin, 445-446

barbed-wire cactus

dildoe cactus

Cactaceae;

cactus family

stems reclining (rarely erect), 3-angled when mature, 4-6 angles when young; forms thickets; flrs white, floral tube with slender spines; frts bright red, shiny; maritime hammocks, beaches; Collier, Dade, Lee, Martin, Monroe [Keys only], Palm Beach and St. Lucie cos.; all year.
2. Acoelorraphe wrightii (Griseb. and H. Wendl.)

H. Wendl.
 
 
 

| Scurlock, p. 6; Nelson, plate #7

FL, West Indies, Central and South America 

Correll and Correll, 252, 253

Long and Lakela, 244-245

Small, 242-243, as 

Paurotis

Wunderlin, 180

Zona, 89-91

Everglades palm

paurotis palm

silver saw-palmetto

Palmae/

Arecaceae;

palm family

clustered stems, with fibrous mat, slender, to 12 m tall,; petioles with flat orange up-curved prickles; lf blades sub-orbicular to orbicular, to 1 m broad, segments attenuate; petals 3, ca. 1 mm long; stamens same size and with broad filaments; drupe orange ripening black, to 1 cm thick; hammocks and savannas; Collier, Dade and Monroe [not Keys] cos. 
3. Acrostichum aureum L.

synonym: Phlebodium aureum (L.) Sm.
 

| Atlas worldwide: tropics and subtropics 

FNA, 131

Lakela and Long, 86, 88

Long and Lakela, 86

Small: ferns, 67-69

Wunderlin, 42

golden leather fern

golden polypody

leather-fern

Pteridophyta--

Adiantaceae; maidenhair fern

family

fern; lvs to 3 m tall and 50 cm wide, lf-segments not overlapping, fertile fl-lets above sterile; sterile segments oblong, rounded at apex; coastal hammocks, tidal marsh; Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Lee, Manatee and Monroe [incl. Keys] cos.
4. Andropogon arctatus Chapman
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

endemic 

Clewell, 122

Hall, 442

Hitchcock and Chase, 760, 761

Small, 46

Wunderlin, 82-83

pinewood bluestem Gramineae/

Poaceae;

grass family

perennial, tufted, to 1.5 m tall; lv blades to 6.3 mm wide and 0.5 m long; spathes 3.8-9.2 cm long; peduncles 3.6-14.6 cm long; 2 to 3 racemes per peduncle; 8-15 spikelet pairs: stalked spikelet sterile to 2.7 mm long, sessile spikelet fertile, 0.7-1 mm wide and 4.5-6.2 mm long; one stamen; flatwoods; Alachua, Bay, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Clay, (Collier), Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jackson, (Lee), Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Osceola, Santa Rosa, Walton and Washington cos.; Oct-Nov.
5. Angadenia berteroi (A.DC.) Miers

synonym: Rhabdadenia corallicola Small
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 190 ?endemic 

Long and Lakela, 700, as

A. berterii

Small, 1062

Wunderlin, 497

pineland golden

trumpet

pineland allamanda

Apocynaceae;

dogbane family

scandent shrub with long branches, milky sap; lvs opposite, ovate to oblong, to 3 cm long, revolute; calyx lobes deltoid, 2-3 mm long; corolla to 3 cm long and 4 cm wide, yellow, tube gradually dilates to funnelform throat; stamens 5, anthers appendaged at base and stuck to stigma; 2 follicles, to 10 cm long; pinelands; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year. 
6. Arnoglossum diversifolium (Torr. and Gray) H.

Robinson

[In the 1998 Rule, Cacalia diversifolia Torr. and Gray was used.]

Cronquist uses Cacalia diversifolia Torrey and Asa Gray 
 
 
 

| Atlas FL, sw GA, se AL 

Clewell, 288

Cronquist, 106

Small, 1476; as Mesadenia

Wunderlin, 605-606

Indian-plantain

variable-leaved-

Indian-plantain

Compositae/

Asteraceae;

daisy family

tribe:

Senecioneae.

perennial herb; up to 3 m tall; stems angular; mostly hairless; lvs alternate, most at the base, reduced in size upwards, upper lvs lobed at base; heads numerous, each with 5 flrs; whitish bracts; flrs lavender; river swamps, woods along stream; Calhoun, (Charlotte), Holmes, Jackson, Leon, Levy, Putnam, (Volusia), Walton and Washington cos.; May-Aug.
7. Asclepias viridula Chapman 
 
 
 
 

| Chafin endemic 

Clewell, 251

Small, 1071

Wunderlin, 501-502

green milkweed

southern milkweed

Asclepiadaceae;

milkweed family

herbaceous perennial; lvs opposite, 1-2 mm wide; several clusters of flrs; hoods longer than stigma, corona 5-6 mm wide; greenish flrs; wet pinelands, flatwoods; Baker, Bay, Bradford, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gulf, Liberty, Nassau, St. Johns, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos. May-Jul.
8. Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Mertens

4 varieties; ours is var. asplenioides (Michaux) Farwell
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas our variety: CT and DE south to FL, west to KS, OK, TX 

Clewell, 47

FNA, 257-258

Lakela and Long, 151-152

Radford et al., 20, 22

Small: ferns, 193-195

Wunderlin, 54

southern lady fern

lowland lady-fern

Pteridophyta--

Dryopteridaceae,

Polypodiaceae;

wood fern family,

polypody family

terrestrial fern; stems creeping; lvs deciduous, petioles to 55 cm long, blades to 60 cm long, lflets alternate and tapering to long tips, lflet divisions with toothed margins; sori curved when young, covering edged with hairs; wet woods, moist banks, wooded hillsides, rocky streams, sandy bogs; Alachua, Calhoun, Clay, Columbia, Escambia, Gadsden, Hamilton, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Union and Walton cos. 
9. Baptisia hirsuta Small

Isely uses Baptisia calycosa Canby var. villosa Canby
 

[other Baptisia species: Bell and Taylor, p. 155; Taylor, p. 143] endemic 

Clewell, 399

Isely, 109

Small, 676

Ward, 70-71

Wunderlin, 344-345, as Isely

hairy wild indigo  Leguminosae/

Fabaceae;

legume family

Papilionoideae,

pea subfamily

perennial herb; to 1 m tall; stems hairy; lf-lets 3; calyx lf-like; corollas yellow, 12-14 mm long; bean ca. 1 cm long, black, beaked; 2-3 seeds; pine or oak woods, sandhills, roadsides, RR; Escambia, Holmes, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos.; May-Jun.
10. Baptisia simplicifolia Croom
 
 
 
 

| Atlas endemic 

Clewell, 399

Isely, 108

Small, 675

Wunderlin, 344-345

scare-weed Leguminosae/

Fabaceae;

legume family

Papilionoideae,

pea subfamily

perennial herb; to 1 m tall; lvs not cpd, not perfoliate, thick, shiny above, pale below; corollas pale yellow or greenish yellow, 12-15 mm long; bean 1 cm long, woody, black, 5-6 seeds; pine or oak flatwoods, sandhills; Franklin, Gadsden, Liberty, Leon, Wakulla and (Walton) cos.; Jun-Sep.
11. Bletia purpurea (Lam.) DC.
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America 

Correll and Correll, 342-343

Godfrey and Wooten I, 679, 681

Long and Lakela, 325

Luer, 226-227

Small, 394

Wunderlin, 232

pine-pink orchid Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial; to 1.5 m tall; lvs 3 to 5 from top of corm, broadly linear, pleated, to 35 cm long; inflo. terminal raceme or panicle; flrs rosy-purple, yellow crest on the deep purple, 3-lobed lip, rounded at base; pinelands (especially in rocky crevices), cypress strand; Broward, Collier, Dade, Lee, Monroe [incl. Keys] and Palm Beach cos.; Apr-May.
12. Byrsonima lucida (Mill.) DC.
 
 
 

| Atlas; Nelson, plate #84; Scurlock, p.27 FL, West Indies

Correll and Correll, 756-758

Long and Lakela, 525, as B.

cuneata

Small, 756

Wunderlin, 388

locustberry

Keys locustberry

Long Key locustberry

Malpighiaceae;

malpighia family

shrub or small tree; evergreen; lvs obovate to spathulate, 2-5 cm long, lustrous above; petals clawed, kidney-shaped, pink or white, fading rose or yellow; drupes 4-6 mm wide; pine rocklands, rockland hammock edges; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year.
13. Calamintha ashei (Weatherby) Shinners

synonyms: Satureja ashei Weatherby; Clinopodium ashei (Weatherby) Small 
 

| Atlas; Taylor, p. 276 endemic, except for Tattnall Co., GA 

Small, 1169; as Clinopodium

Wunderlin, 528

Ashe's calamintha

sandhill basil

Labiatae/

Lamiaceae;

mint family

shrub; to 1/2 m tall; lvs to 1 cm long, edges curled under, fragrant; flrs pinkish-purple, less than 2 cm long, 2-lipped; 4 stamens; dry pinelands and sand pine scrub, disturbed areas; Glades, Highlands, Lake, Marion, Polk and Volusia cos.; Jan-Nov.
14. Calamintha dentata Chapman
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas endemic 

Clewell, 381

Small, 1169

Wunderlin, 527-528

Florida calamint

toothed savory
 

Labiatae/ 

Lamiaceae;

mint family

shrub, to 3/4 m tall; lvs obovate to elliptic-cuneate, to 12 mm long, marginal teeth, minutely and densely pubescent; corolla pinkish-purple, less than 2 cm long, 2-lipped, middle lobe of the lower lip larger than the lateral lobes; sandhills, dry bluffs; Bay, Gadsden, Jackson, Liberty, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Apr-Oct.
15. Calamovilfa curtissii (Vasey) Scribner
 
 

endemic 

Godfrey and Wooten I, 190

Hall, 143

Hitchcock and Chase, 330-331

Small, 107

Wunderlin, 93

Curtiss' sandgrass

reedgrass

Gramineae/

Poaceae;

grass family

perennial, short thick rhizome; narrow panicle with short strongly ascending branches; spikelet 1 flr, awnless, hairy lemmas, callus hairs to 2 mm long; pinelands, wet prairie, marsh; (Bay), Brevard, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos.; Aug-Nov.
16. Calyptranthes pallens Griseb.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Scurlock, p. 32 FL, West Indies, Mexico 

Correll and Correll, , 1039, 1040

Long and Lakela, 642

Small, 937-938

Wunderlin, 453

pale lidflower

spicewood

Myrtaceae;

myrtle family

shrub, to 9 m tall, young stems 2-winged; lvs opposite, elliptical or oval, tapered at tip and base, to 10 cm long, glandular punctate, fragrant, petiole present; infl long-stalked axillary clusters; flrs with lid-like bud cover, greenish, pinkish, brownish, finely hairy, no petals; numerous stamens; berries globular, to 8 mm wide, hairy, red turning purplish-black; hammocks; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year.
17 Carex baltzellii Chapman ex Dewey
 
 

FL, AL, GA 

Clewell, 82

Small, 213-214

Wunderlin, 144-150

Baltzell's sedge Cyperaceae;

sedge family

herb; 3 stigmas; triangular achene; perigynia not wax-encrusted, slightly shorter than and enclosed by scale; hammocks, bluffs, moist sandy loam; Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Gadsden, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Washington cos.; Feb-Apr.
18. Chamaesyce pergamena (Small) Small

Kartesz: C. adenoptera (Bertol.) ssp. pergamena (Small) Burch
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas FL, West Indies, Central and South America 

Long and Lakela, 553

Wunderlin, 395-398

rocklands spurge

southern Florida

sandmat

Euphorbiaceae;

spurge family

herb, prostrate or decumbent, stems hairy; lvs to 5 mm long, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, margins toothed; cyathia [many flrs simulating a simple flr] in upper nodes, about 1-1.5 mm long, petal-like appendages white or pinkish, 2 long and 2 short; capsule 1.5 mm wide, very hairy; pinelands; Collier, Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.
19. Chaptalia albicans (Swartz) Vent. ex Steud.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

FL, West Indies and Mexico 

All but Wunderlin as C. dentata:

Correll and Correll, 1464-1465

Cronquist, 229

Long and Lakela, 863

Small, 1486

Wunderlin, 615

white sunbonnets

pineland daisy

Compositae/

Asteraceae;

daisy family

tribe: Mutiseae

herb, to 30 cm tall; lvs basal rosette, firm, oblanceo-late to narrowly elliptic-obovate, 0.5-2 cm X 3-25 cm, long attenuated bases, white wooly hairs on lower surface, bright green on upper surface; heads solitary, terminal on 30 cm long stalk, not nodding; rays and disc flrs white to greenish-white; pappus white; achene with beak as long as body; pinelands; Dade Co.; spring.
20. Chrysophyllum oliviforme L.

synonym: Cynodendron oliviforme (L.) Baehni
 
 
 

| Atlas; Nelson, plate #137; Scurlock, p. 50 FL, West Indies 

Correll and Correll, 1097-1099

Long and Lakela, 680

Small, 1031

Wunderlin, 483

satin leaf Sapotaceae;

sapote family

shrub or tree to 10 m; thornless; lvs undersurface densely copper-brown or silvery-brown tomentose; flrs tiny, axillary clusters; hammocks, thickets and pinelands; Brevard, Broward, Collier, Dade, Hendry, Indian River, Martin, Monroe [incl. Keys], Palm Beach and St. Lucie cos.; all year.
21. Cleistes divaricata (L.) Ames

synonym: Pogonia divaricata (L.) R. Br.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas DE to WV, KY, TN, south to FL, west to TX 

Clewell, 185

Godfrey and Wooten I, 653, 654

Luer, 42-43

Radford et al., 343

Small, 375

Wunderlin, 241, as Pogonia

spreading pogonia

rosebud orchid

lady's ettercap 

rose orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial; to 0.8 m tall; glaucous; lf one (rarely 3), in middle of stem, to 18 cm long and 2 cm wide, present with flr; unfringed lip 3.5-4.5 cm long, deep rose, magenta-pink to white, petals curve over lip forming a tube, sepals deep reddish-purple to brownish; low pinelands and savannas, pitcher-plant bogs, swamps, stream banks; Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Calhoun, Clay, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hamilton, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Union, Wakulla and Walton cos.; Apr-Jun.
22. Coccothrinax argentata (Jacq.) L.H. Bailey
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Nelson, plate #12; Scurlock, p. 57 FL, West Indies

Correll and Correll, 254-255

Long and Lakela, 247

Small, 241-242

Wunderlin, 180

silver palm

Biscayne palm

silver top

seamberry palm

Florida silver palm

Palmae/

Arecaceae;

palm family

tree-like, to 8 m tall, slender trunk ca. 15 cm wide; lvs with petiole ca. as long as blade, blade nearly round, to 80 cm wide, deeply divided into drooping segments, bright green above, scurfy and silvery white below; frts ca.1.5 cm wide, black; pine rocklands, hammocks, coastal strand; Broward, (Collier), Dade, Monroe [incl. Keys] and Palm Beach cos.; spring or after fire.
23. Coelorachis tuberculosa (Nash) Nash

synonym: Manisuris tuberculosa Nash
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

endemic 

Clewell, 149

Hall, 415

Hitchcock and Chase, 787

Small, 41

Wunderlin, 95-96

Florida jointtail

joint grass

Gramineae/

Poaceae;

grass family

perennial grass, to ca. 1 m tall; lf sheaths flattened and keeled, to 31 cm long; infl a jointed, cylindric spike to 7.9 cm long, joints of rachis not contracted; 1st glume smooth or with tubercles (bumps); marshes, margins of ponds; Alachua, Brevard, Calhoun, Hernando, Highlands, Lake, Marion, Martin, Orange, Palm Beach, Pasco, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Lucie, Volusia and Washington cos.; Jun-Jul.
24. Conradina grandiflora Small

[Listed as Endangered in the 1998 Rule.]
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Taylor, p. 275 

endemic

Small, 1167

Wunderlin, 529

large-flowered

rosemary

Labiatae/ Lamiaceae;

mint family

shrubby; lvs without evident lateral veins, midrib glabrous to slightly pubescent; 4 stamens, arch to upper lip, anthers lack horns, filaments pubescent; calyx irregular; stigma branches equal; corollas lavender; scrub, scrubby flatwoods, coastal strand, disturbed; Brevard, Broward, Dade (extirpated?), Highlands, Indian River, Martin, Osceola, Palm Beach, St. Lucie and Volusia cos.
25. Crossopetalum ilicifolium (Poir.) Kuntze

| Atlas; Nelson, plate #39;Scurlock, p. 67; FL, Cuba 

Correll and Correll, 865-867

Long and Lakela, 568

Small, 819

Wunderlin, 414

Christmas-berry

ground-holly

quail-berry

Celastraceae;

staff-tree family

shrub, hairy stems; lvs opposite, spiny-toothed, 1-1.5 cm long; petals orbicular, red, 1 mm long; drupes red, 3-4 mm wide; pine rockland, rockland hammocks, sinkhole rims; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year.
26. Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz

[Listed as Endangered in the 1998 Rule.]
 
 
 

| Atlas; Nelson, plate #39; Scurlock, p. 68

FL, Bermuda, West Indies, S. America

Correll and Correll, 867

Long and Lakela, 568

Small, 819

Wunderlin, 414

rhacoma

maidenberry

Celastraceae;

staff-tree family

shrub; glabrous stems; lvs opposite, entire or crenate, 1-4 cm long; petals ovate to suborbicular, red to purplish, 1 mm long; drupes red, 5-6 mm long; pine rocklands, rockland hammocks, coastal strand; (Broward), (Collier), Dade, (Lee), Monroe [Keys only], (Palm Beach) and Sarasota cos.; all year. 
27. Cynanchum blodgettii (Asa Gray) Shinners
 
 
 
 

| Atlas FL, West Indies 

Correll and Correll, 1154, 1157

Long and Lakela, 707

Small, 1075

Wunderlin, 502-503

Blodgett's

swallowwort

Asclepiadaceae;

milkweed family

slender, twining vine; lvs opposite, linear or linear-lanceolate, to 2 cm long; infl cymose; calyx lobes 1 mm long; corolla rotate-campanulate, 2-3 mm long, whitish, lobes with tufts of hair on upper 1/3 of inner surface; follicles linear, to 5 cm long; hammocks; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; spring.
28. Digitaria dolichophylla Henr.

synonym: D. filiformis (L.) Koeler var. dolichophylla (Henrard) Wipff
 
 
 
 
 

FL, West Indies 

see Correll and Correll, 127-128

Hall, 267-268

Hitchcock and Chase, 580-582

Long and Lakela, 167

Wunderlin, 103-105, as var. of

D. filiformis

Caribbean crabgrass Gramineae/

Poaceae;

grass family

perennial grass, tufts to 1 m tall; lvs to 2 mm wide and 47 cm long, rolled inwards; panicles with 2-4 branches, rachis not winged; spikelets to 1.6 mm long, in pairs, one short pedicel, 1st glume absent or minute, 2nd glume with capitellate hairs; fertile lemma as long as spikelet; pinelands; Dade, St. Johns and Monroe [Keys only] cos.
29. Drosera intermedia Hayne
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas

Newfoundland west to WI, south NY, coastal plain to FL 

and TX, Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America 

Clewell, 345

Godfrey and Wooten II, 187,

190

Radford et al., 517, 518

Schnell, 63-64

Small, 579

Wunderlin, 321

water sundew

spoon-leaved sundew

narrowleaf sundew

Droseraceae;

sundew family

herb, to 20 cm tall, sticky, glandular hairs; lvs alternate, basal, to 6 cm long, spoon-shaped, petioles glabrous; flrs white or pinkish on glabrous stalk; seepage slopes, wet flatwoods, depression marshes, sinkhole lakes, drainage ditches; Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, (Hernando), Highlands, (Hillsborough), Lake, Leon, (Levy), Marion, Okaloosa, (Osceola), Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Sumter, (Volusia) and Walton cos.; Apr-Nov.
30. Drypetes lateriflora (Sw.) Krug and Urban
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Scurlock, p. 74 FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central America 

Correll and Correll, 797, 798

Long and Lakela, 546

Small, 780

Wunderlin, 401

Guiana plum Euphorbiaceae;

spurge family

shrub, to 10 m tall, dioecious; lvs lanceolate to ovate, to 10 cm long, abruptly pointed, entire margins, leathery; infl axillary clusters, fragrant; flrs 3 mm wide, 4 stamens; flrs with 2-celled ovaries; drupes globular, hairy, red; hammocks; Brevard, Broward, Dade, Martin, Monroe [Keys only] and Palm Beach cos.; fall.
31. Erithalis fruticosa L.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Scurlock, p. 76 FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central America 

Correll and Correll, 1387,

1388

Long and Lakela, 802

Small, 1259

Wunderlin, 576

black torch Rubiaceae;

madder family

shrub to 6 m tall, dark brown bark striped light brown; lvs opposite, oval to elliptic-obovate, tips blunt, to 10 cm long, leathery, entire margins; stipules fused; terminal cymes; calyx to 2 mm; corolla with short tube and 5 long lobes, 3-5 mm long, white; drupe globose, to 4 mm wide, glossy black; sand dunes, coastal hammocks; Dade, Martin, Monroe [Keys only] and Palm Beach cos.; all year.
32. Eulophia ecristata (Fern.) Ames

[In 1998 Rule, listed as Pteroglossaspis ecristata (Fern.) Rolfe]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

NC; SC, FL, LA, Cuba

Clewell, 185

Luer, 240-241

Radford et al. , 355-356

Small, 394-395, as Triorchos

Wunderlin, 242, as

Pteroglossaspis

non-crested eulophia

green and black orchids-

on-a-stick

giant orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrenstria; to 1.7 m tall; 2-4 linear-lanceolate lvs at base; infl to 30 flrs; sepals and petals yellow-green, lip maroon, 3-lobed and crest-less; sand pine scrub, sandhills, pine rockland; historically: Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Brevard, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, Dade, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lake, Levy, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Orange, Osceola, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, (Sarasota), Seminole, (St. Johns), Taylor, Volusia and (Wakulla) cos.; Jul-Sep.
33. Garberia heterophylla (Bartram) Merr. and

Harper

synonym: Garberia fruticosa (Nutt.) A. Gray is the correct name IF the names in Bartram's Travels are considered not validly published.
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 254; Taylor, p. 290 endemic 

Cronquist, 196

Small, 1336

Wunderlin, 629

garberia Compositae/

Asteraceae;

daisy family

tribe: Eupatorieae

evergreen shrub; aromatic; to 2.5 m tall; lvs numerous, alternate, to 3.5 cm long 7 2 cm wide; heads terminal bunches, each with 5 flrs; flrs tubular, pink-purple; pappus persistent, brownish; dry sandy pine or pine-oak scrub and prairies; Brevard, Citrus, Clay, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lake, Manatee, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Seminole, Sumter and Volusia cos.
34. Harrisella filiformis (Sw.) Cogn.

synonym: H. porrecta (Reich.f.) Fawc. and Rendle
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central America 

Long and Lakela, 327-328

Luer, 272-273

Small, 398

Wunderlin, 238

threadroot orchid

leafless orchid

jingle bell orchid

needleroot airplant

orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

epiphyte; roots less than 1 mm wide and over 30 cm long, green; lvs none; panicles or racemes with 1-6 tiny flrs, floral bracts 1 mm long, papery; flrs greenish yellow, less than 3 mm long; old orange groves, strand swamps, hardwood swamps, hammocks; Citrus, Collier, DeSoto, Glades, Hernando, Highlands, Hills-borough, Manatee, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Polk, (Sarasota) and Sumter cos., Aug-Sep. 
35. Hartwrightia floridana Gray ex S. Watson
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Chafin endemic 

Cronquist, 195-196

Small, 1318

Ward, 138-139

Wunderlin, 630

hartwrightia Compositae/

Asteraceae;

daisy family

tribe: Eupatorieae

perennial herb; glabrous; up to 1.5 m tall; lvs alternate, basal, entire, 5-25 x1-8 cm; flat-topped clusters of heads, 7-10 flrs per head, flrs tubular, white or pink, 3.4 mm long; wet flatwoods, bogs, seepage slope clearings, pine woods; Baker, Clay, Hardee, Highlands, Lake, Marion, Nassau, Polk, Putnam and Volusia cos.; Sept-Nov.
36. Hexastylis arifolia (Michaux) Small

synonym: Asarum arifolium Michaux
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p.61 VA, KY south to FL, AL, LA 

Clewell, 248

Radford et al., 400-401

Small, 1280

Ward, 139

Wunderlin, 269, as Asarum

heartleaf wild ginger

little-brown-jug

Aristolochiaceae;

birthwort family

perennial herb; aromatic; colonial; lvs leathery, heart-shaped, purplish beneath, mottled above; flrs fleshy, maroon, tubular, odorless; slope forest, seepage strem banks; Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton and Washington cos.; Feb-Apr.
37. Ilex amelanchier M.A. Curtis in Chapm.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Galle, p. 133, plates 29 and 30 FL, GA, SC, NC, AL, MS, LA 

Clewell, 247

Godfrey, 149, 150

Godfrey and Wooten II, 308

Radford et al., 682

Small, 816

Wunderlin, 412

serviceberry holly

sarvis holly

Aquifoliaceae;

holly family

shrub, to 5 m tall; lvs deciduous, oblong, oblong-obovte or elliptic, to 9 cm long and 4 cm wide, lower surface with soft, shaggy hairs, margins entire or with a few small teeth; separate and plants; calyx lobes 4; corolla lobes 4, white or yellowish; drupes dull cherry-red, 5-10 mm wide; 4 nutlets; along creeks, floodplain forests, cypress-gum swamps; Escambia, Holmes, Jackson, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos.; spring.
38. Ilex krugiana Loesner

[In 1998 Rule, this species was ranked as Endangered.]
 
 
 

FL and Cuba

Correll and Correll, 860-862

Long and Lakela, 567

Small, 814

Ward, 95-96

Wunderlin, 412-413

Krug's holly

tawnyberry holly

Aquifoliaceae;

holly family

shrub or tree to 11 m tall; lvs evergreen, 4 to 7.5 cm long, entire (mostly); frt black, achenes smooth; rockland hammocks, pinelands ; Dade Co.; Feb-Jul
39. Jacquemontia curtissii Peter ex Small.f.

According to Dr. D. F. Austin, Convolvulaceae expert, the proper spelling should be curtisii. This is a special exception to the nomenclature rules. Normally, this specific epithet should read as curtissii since it is named for A.H. Curtiss.
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 116; DPI poster, plate #37 endemic 

Long and Lakela, 724

Small, 1089

Ward, 96-97

Wunderlin, 511, as J. curtisii

pineland

jacquemontia

Convolvulaceae; 

morning glory

family

perennial vine, woody base, reclingin; lvs 1-2 cm long, elliptic or elliptic-spathulate; calyx lobe 0.4-0.5 cm long; corollas white, 2-3 cm wide; pine rocklands, marl prairie, spoil banks, mesic flatwoods; Collier, Dade, Hendry and Monroe [incl. Keys] cos. [misidentified from: Indian River, Martin, Palm Beach cos.]; all year.
40. Jacquinia keyensis Mez
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas FL and West Indies 

Correll and Correll, 1084-1085

Long and Lakela, 672

Small, 1028

Wunderlin, 479

joewood

cudjoe-wood

Theophrastaceae;

joewood family

tree; to 5 m tall; pale bark; lvs evergreen, opposite, leathery, 1-5 cm long; terminal racemes, erect-spreading, usually exceeding the lvs; petals 5, half the length united into a tube, yellowish, fragrant; 5 staminodia; 5 stamens; coastal strand, coastal grassland, maritime hammocks, rocky pineland; Dade, Lee and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year.
41. Kalmia latifolia L.
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Nelson, plate #49 Canada, southward to FL and LA 

Clewell, 348

Godfrey, 245-247

Radford et al., 803

Small, 999

Wunderlin, 476

mountain laurel

ivy

calico bush

spoon wood

Ericaceae;

heath family

shrub; to 12 m tall; forming thickets; lvs evergreen, alternate, to 12 cm long; flower clusters viscid; pink corollas, 20-25 mm wide, with pockets for anthers; stamens 10; capsule woody; slope forest, riverbanks, creek swamps; (Bay), Calhoun, Escambia, Gadsden, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Suwannee, Walton and Washington cos.; Mar-May.
42. Lachnocaulon digynum Körn.

Wunderlin et al. use: L. digynum J. Konig
 
 
 
 
 

FL, AL, MS 

Clewell, 106

Godfrey and Wooten I, 527-529

Small, 256

Wunderlin, 192

Panhandle bogbuttons

tiny bogbuttons

pineland bogbutton

Eriocaulaceae;

hatpins family

perennial, dense tufts of rosettes resemble moss; lvs linear, to 1 cm long and to 2.5 mm wide, yellow-green; flower stalk to 10 cm long, glabrous; infl ball-like, pale brown; flrs with 2 stigmas; wet acid sands, peat or seepage bogs, pond margins; Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Holmes, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos.
43. Lechea cernua Small
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

[:similar species in Radford et al., p. 721] endemic 

Long and Lakela, 611-612

Small, 883

Wunderlin, 440

scrub pinweed Cistaceae; 

rockrose family

perennial herb, branched near the base; basal lvs less than 3X as long as broad, stem lvs small, alternate; flrs small, numerous; 5 sepals in 2 rings, outer shorter than inner; 3 petals, shorter than sepals; capsule about same length as sepals; sand scrub, openings, fire main-tained; (Brevard), Broward, Collier, (Hardee), Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lake, Lee, Manatee, Martin, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pinellas, Polk, Seminole, St. Lucie and (Volusia) cos.; Jul-Jan.
44. Leitneria floridana Chapman
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Chafin; Nelson, plate #81 MO, AR, TX, GA, FL 

Clewell, 418

Godfrey and Wooten II, 27-29

Small, 407-408

Ward, 143-144

Wunderlin, 253

corkwood Leitneriaceae/

Simaroubaceae;

corkwood family/

quassia family

shrub or tree, to 6 m tall; bark smooth, red-brown; lvs deciduous, alternate, 10-20 cm long, lf stalks 2-3 cm long; flrs appear before lvs, or clusters (usually on separate plants); flrs highly reduced, lack both sepals and petals; frts dry drupes; muddy riverbanks, sawgrass marshes, brackish marshes, coastal hammocks; Dixie, Franklin, Levy, Taylor and Wakulla cos.; Feb-Mar.
45. Lilium catesbaei Walter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p.16; Taylor, p. 300; DPI poster, plate #41
 

Coastal Plain, VA to FL and LA 

Clewell, 179

Godfrey and Wooten I, 585

Radford et al., 310, 311

Small, 291

Wunderlin, 207

Catesby lily

pine lily

leopard lily

southern red lily

Liliaceae;

lily family

perennial herb; lvs alternate (our other lilies have some whorled lvs), linear; flrs with 6 tepals, orange-pink with darker freckles, tepals clawed, recurved; wet flatwoods, bogs, usually with grasses; Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, De Soto, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hamilton, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Lake, Lee, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, (Seminole), St. Johns, St. Lucie, Taylor, Union, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Jul-Oct.
46. Listera australis Lindl.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Quebec and Ontario, south to FL, west to TX 

Clewell, 186

Luer, 66-67

Godfrey and Wooten I, 647-648

Radford et al., 340-341

Small, 378-379, as Ophrys

Wunderlin, 238

southern twayblade

double-leaf orchid

Orchidaceae; 

orchid family

terrestrial; to 20 cm tall; lvs 2, opposite at midstem, to 3.5 cm long and 2 cm wide; terminal raceme, to 25 flrs; flrs greenish purple, to 9 mm, lip forked, linear-oblong; capsule to 8 mm long; rich humus of low moist woods, sphagnum moss, stream banks; Alachua, Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Polk, Putnam and Wakulla cos.; Jan-Mar.
47. Lobelia cardinalis L.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 119; Taylor, p. 313

Canada, MN, south to FL and TX 

Clewell, 261

Godfrey and Wooten II, 739-740

Radford et al., 1005-1006

Small, 1292-1293

Wunderlin, 589-590

cardinal flower Campanulaceae;

bell flower

family

perennial herb; to 1.5 m tall; corollas bright red; river-banks, springs, coastal hammocks; Alachua, Bradford, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Hernando, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Pasco, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla and Walton cos.; summer-fall.
48. Lupinus westianus Small

Isely has two varieties of L. westianus. The description and distribution given here is for var. westianus; the other variety is aridorum, see Endangered List #226.

| Atlas endemic 

Clewell, 409

Isely, 119

Small, 681

Ward, 99-100

Wunderlin, 363-364

Gulfcoast lupine

Gulf coast lupine

Leguminosae/ 

Fabaceae;

legume family

Papilionoideae,

pea subfamily

biennial herb; to 1.5 m tall; multi-stemmed; silvery due to hairs; lvs alternate, crowded, not cpd, 3-7 cm long, 2-3 cm wide; flrs blue, standard with red spot; coastal dunes, disturbed open sandy areas; Bay, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton and Washington cos.; Mar-May.
49. Malus angustifolia (Aiton) Michaux
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Nelson, plate #118 VA, KY south to FL and LA 

Clewell, 468

Godfrey, 564-565

Radford et al., 557

Small, 634

Wunderlin, 329

crabapple

flowering crabapple

southern crabapple

Rosaceae;

rose family

tree, to 10 m tall, forms thickets; thorns tipping leafy branches (or branches with lf-scars); lvs alternate, blunt tipped, deciduous, toothed; flrs 3-5 at ends of spur shoots, 5 petals white to pink; frt a pome; open, well-drained woodland, fence rows; Calhoun, Gadsden, Hamilton, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Taylor, Wakulla and Washington cos.; early spring
50. Manilkara jaimiqui (C. Wright) Dubard

ours is ssp. emarginata (L.) Cronquist

synonyms: M. bahamensis (Baker) Lam. and Meeuse; Mimusops emarginata (L.) Britt.
 
 
 

| Atlas; Nelson, plate #139; Scurlock, p. 110 FL, West Indies 

Correll and Correll, 1099-1100

Long and Lakela, 681

Small, 1035

Wunderlin, 483

wild dilly

wild sapodilla

Sapotaceae;

sapote family

tree, to 10 m tall, milky sap; lvs alternate but clustered at twig ends, oblong to oblong-elliptic, blunt, many notched at tip, to 10 cm long, brownish hairs below, glabrous with age; infl axillary clusters; calyx with 6 sepals, hairy; corollas pale yellow, to 2 cm wide; berries with brown, scurfy skins, ca. 3 cm wide, edible; hammocks; Collier, Dadeand Monroe [Keys only] cos.; winter, spring.
51. Matelea gonocarpos (Walter) Shinners 

Kartesz uses the above; most of the manuals use: M. gonocarpa as does D.J. Drapalik, who studied SE species for his dissertation (1970) from Univ. North Carolina.
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 197 FL, GA to TX, MO, KY 

Clewell, 252

Correll and Johnston, 1240

Radford et al., 856-857

Small, 1076

Wunderlin, 503

angle-pod Asclepiadaceae; 

milkweed family

vine; lvs to 18 cm long, sometimes with basal lobes overlapping; corollas rotate, glabrous inside, corona not ridged; follicle winged, spineless; bluffs, floodplains; Alachua, Brevard, Calhoun, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Glades, Gulf, Hamilton, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Johns, Sumter, Suwannee, Volusia and Washington cos.; May-Jul.
52. Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Nelson, plate #41;Scurlock, p. 113

FL, West Indies, TX, Mexico 

Correll and Correll, 870, 872

Correll and Johnston, 999

Long and Lakela, 569

Small, 818-819

Wunderlin, 414

mayten

gutta-percha mayten

Florida mayten

leatherleaf

mangle dulce

Celastraceae;

staff-tree family

shrub or tree, to 7 m tall, gray or gray-brown bark; lvs obovate to elliptic-oblanceolate, tips blunt or with tiny notches, margins entire, to 4 cm long, leathery; flrs solitary or clusters in axils; corolla to 3 mm wide, whitish or greenish; stamens inserted below disk; capsules to 12 mm long, 4-angled, red; seeds with red aril; hammocks, dunes; Collier, Citrus, Dade, Lee, Levy, Hillsborough, Manatee, Monroe [Keys only], Pasco and Pinellas cos.
53. Melanthera parvifolia Small
 
 
 
 
 
 

endemic

Cronquist, 32

Long and Lakela, 831

Small, 1419

Wunderlin, 640- but listed 

as one of many synonyms 

of M. nivea [snow 

squarestem]

small-leaved melanthera

small-leaved cat-tongue

Compositae/

Asteraceae;

daisy family

tribe: Heliantheae

perennial herb; lvs opposite, toothed; heads terminal, flrs all tubular. Similar to M. nivea: 20 to 60 cm tall (vs. 50 to 200 cm tall); slender stems 1 to 2 mm thick (vs. robust stems); lvs up to 4 cm long (vs. 5-15 cm long); short petioles (vs. obvious petioles); mowed pine rocklands, marl prairies; Collier, Dade and Monroe cos.
54. Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh

synonym: Eugenia simpsonii (Small) Sarg.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America 

Correll and Correll, 1048-1049

Long and Lakela, 646, 648

Small, 936, as Anamomis

simpsonii

Wunderlin, 454

Simpson's stopper

naked-wood

pale stopper

twinberry

Myrtaceae;

myrtle family

tree, to 20 m tall, bark pale reddish-brown to tan; lvs opposite, with fragrance like nutmeg; infl stalk 2-4 cm long, 3 to 7 flrs; calyx 2 unequal pairs, petals 4, white, to 6 mm long; frt red, 2-celled, persistent calyx; hammocks; Brevard, Broward, Collier, Dade, Hendry, Indian River, Lee, Martin, Monroe [incl. Keys], Okeechobee, Osceola, (Palm Beach), Seminole, St. Johns, St. Lucie and Volusia cos.; all year.
55. Najas filifolia Haynes

endemic 

Brittonia 37:392-393 (1985)

Wunderlin, 67

slender naiad

needleleaf waternymph

Najadaceae;

najas family

submerged in water; stems slender, about 20 cm long, brittle; lvs with sheath-like bases; flrs lack petals or calyx, tiny; frts curved; Alachua, Bradford, Highlands, Lake, Leon, Marion, Osceola and Santa Rosa cos.
56. Nephrolepis biserrata (Swartz) Schott
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

FL, Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America, Africa, Asia 

Correll and Correll, 30

FNA, 307

Lakela and Long, 96, 99

Long and Lakela, 85

Small, ferns: 306-307

Wunderlin, 57-58
 

see also, Botany Circular 32

giant sword fern

Boston fern

Pteridophyta--

Dryopteridaceae/

Polypodiaceae/

Davalliaceae;

wood fern family/

polypody family/

davallia family

fern; wiry stolons, tubers absent; lvs to 2 m long, erect, spreading or reclining, segments articulate to rachis, elliptic-lanceolate, to 23 cm long and 2 cm wide, upper surface hairy, margins finely toothed; scales pale brown and lacking transparent margins; mesic hammocks, roadside, clearings, swamps; Broward, Collier, Dade, Highlands, Lee, (Manatee), Martin, Monroe [not Keys] and Palm Beach cos.; spores all year.
57. Nolina atopocarpa Bartlett 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

[see Taylor, p. 35 for N. brittoniana photo]

endemic 

Clewell, 64

Small, 304

Ward, 42-43

Wunderlin, 213

Florida beargrass Dracaenaceae;

dragon's blood 

family Or,

Agavaceae;

agave family Or, 

Liliaceae;

lily family

perennial, short stem; plant either or (occasionally both); lvs long and slender, to 2 m long and 4 mm wide; flrs small with 6 whitish perianth parts; ovary rounded at apex, capsule notched at apex; fire tolerant, tips of leaves burn but stem remains unharmed; grassy areas of flatwoods, bordering savannahs, shell middens; Brevard, Charlotte, Franklin, Lee, Liberty, (Marion), Orange, St. Johns and Volusia cos.; May-Aug.
58. Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas VA, SC, GA, LA, TX, FL, West Indies, Mexico 

Benson, 497-501

Correll and Correll, 1016

Long and Lakela, 625-626

Small, 909

Wunderlin, 448

shell mound prickly- 

pear

common prickly-pear

erect pricklypear

Cactaceae;

cactus family

perennial; much branched, to about 2 m tall; joints green, to 40 cm long, 25 cm wide, 2 cm thick; lvs quickly deciduous, conical, to 7 mm long; var. stricta: no spines (or solitary ones in marginal areoles), var. dillenii: areoles with small barbed spines and larger unbarbed yellowish spines to 4 cm long; flrs solitary at the areoles, bright yellow; shell mounds, coastal areas; Brevard, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, (Gulf), Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Levy, Manatee, Monroe [incl. Keys], Nassau, Okeechobee, Palm Beach, Pinellas, Sarasota, St. Johns, St. Lucie, Volusia, Wakulla and Walton cos.; all year.
59. Panicum nudicaule Vasey

Kartesz: Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. dichotomum.

Atlas: Dichanthelium nudicaule (Vasey) B. F. Hanson and Wunderlin
 
 
 

FL, AL, MS 

Clewell, 136, 520-521

Hall, 281

Hitchcock and Chase, 650

Wunderlin, 101, as 

Dichanthelium dichotomum

naked-stemmed panic 

grass

Gramineae/

Poaceae;

grass family

perennial with erect stems, lower internodes short, upper elongated giving stem a naked look; blades to 10 cm long and 0.8 mm wide; panicle long exserted, to 7 cm long; spikelets narrowly elongated, 2.7 to 2.9 mm long, glabrous; swamps, Bay and Santa Rosa cos.
60. Phoebanthus tenuifolius (Torrey and A. Gray)

Blake
 
 
 

| Atlas endemic

Clewell, 319 as P. tenuifolia

Cronquist, 46

Small, 1442, as P. tenuifolia

Wunderlin, 641-642

pineland false sunflower Compositae/

Asteraceae;

daisy family

tribe: Heliantheae

perennial, to 1 m tall, thickened rhizomes; lower stem lvs opposite, but most alternate, simple, entire, 1-2 mm wide; head usually solitary, terminal; 10-15 ray flrs: to 4.5 cm long, not fertile; disc flrs perfect, disk yellow or red-purple, to 2.2 cm wide; sandy pineland near Apalachicola River; Calhoun, Gulf, Franklin and Liberty cos.; spring-summer.
61. Physostegia godfreyi Cantino
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas endemic 

Clewell, 385

Godfrey and Wooten II, 615,

616

Wunderlin, 533

Apalachicola

dragonhead

Apalachicola obedience

plant

Godfrey's dragonhead

Labiatae/ 

Lamiaceae;

mint family

rhizomatous perennial, to 1 m tall; lowest lvs peti-olate, upper lvs bract-like, 3-6.5 cm long, elliptic, oblanceolate or lanceolate, margins rarely toothed, glabrous; raceme; calyx, pedicels and peduncles with short pointy hairs and stipitate glands; corolla tubular, to 3 cm long, rose, lower lip 3-lobed, splotched purple, purple veins inside tube; 4 nutlets pebbly-warty; bogs, pine flatwoods, savannas, ditches; Bay, Cal-houn, Franklin, Gulf, Liberty, Walton and Wakulla cos.
62. Pinckneya bracteata (Bartram) Raf.

synonym: Pinckneya pubens Michaux
 
 
 

| Atlas; DPI poster, plate #43; Nelson, plate #129

SC, GA, FL 

Clewell, 374

Godfrey, 601, 603, 604

Godfrey and Wooten II, 714-716

Radford et al., 978-979, 980

Small, 1252-1253

Wunderlin, 581

fever tree

maiden's blushes

Georgia bark

Rubiaceae;

madder family

shrub or tree; lvs opposite, deciduous, soft hairs; calyx with 1 enlarged lobe, showy and pink (rarely yellow); corollas inconspicuous; bays, seepage swamps, hillside bogs, often with poison sumac; Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Wakulla and Washington cos.; spring.
63. Pinguicula caerulea Walter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 212; Taylor, p. 280

NC, SC, GA, FL 

Clewell, 419

Godfrey and Wooten II, 675-676

Radford et al., 967

Small, 1232

Wunderlin, 564

blue butterwort Lentibulariaceae;

bladderwort

family

terrestrial herb; basal rosette, lvs yellowish-green, curling upward at the tips, clammy pubescent; flr stem to 20 cm long; corolla 2.5 to 3 cm wide, deep to pale violet with darker veins; sandy to sandy-peaty soils of pine flatwoods, ditches, roadsides; Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Brevard, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gilchrist, Glades, Hamilton, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Sarasota, Seminole, Sumter, Taylor, Union, Volusia and Wakulla cos.; Dec-May.
64. Pinguicula lutea Walter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 213; Taylor, p. 166

FL, NC, SC, GA, AL, MS, LA 

Clewell, 419

Godfrey and Wooten II, 672-675

Radford et al., 967

Small, 1232

Wunderlin, 564

yellow butterwort Lentibulariaceae;

bladderwort

family

terrestrial herb; basal rosette, lvs yellowish-green, curling upward at tips (tips appear acuminate); clammy pubescent; flr stem to 25 cm long; corolla 2.5-3.5 wide, yellow, not veined; sandy-peaty soils, pine flatwoods, seepage bogs, ditches, roadsides; Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Glades, Gulf, Hamilton, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla and Walton cos.; Feb-May.
65. Pinguicula planifolia Chapman
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 213 FL, AL, MS 

Clewell, 420

Godfrey and Wooten II, 675-678

Small, 1232-1233

Wunderlin, 564

swamp butterwort

flatleaf butterwort

Lentibulariaceae;

bladderwort

family

terrestrial herb; rosette dull red to purple, or green with reddish streaks, lvs thin, flat; flr stem to 25 cm long; corolla ca. 3 cm wide, deeply incised, violet to magenta (white), unveined; bogs, swamps, margins of peaty ponds, ditches, drainage canals; Bay, (Calhoun), Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Jackson, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton and Washington cos.; Feb-Apr.
66. Pithecellobium keyense Britton ex Britton and

Rose

synonym: P. guadalupense (Pers.) Chapman
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Nelson, plate #78; Scurlock, p. 126

FL, West Indies, Mexico 

Correll and Correll, 679-680

Isely, 9-10

Long and Lakela, 451

Small, 653

Wunderlin, 369

blackbead

Guadeloupe blackbead

ram's horn

FL Keys blackbead

Leguminosae/

Fabaceae;

legume family

Mimosoideae,

acacia subfamily

shrub or tree, to 8 m tall, usually unarmed; lvs cpd, lflet stalks longer than petiole, lflets in 2 pairs, obovate to narrowly elliptic, to 5 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, notched or blunt tips, leathery; infl head-like, to 2.5 cm wide, on stalk to 3.5 cm long; corolla 4-5 mm long, whitish-yellow; numerous exserted stamens; legume twisted, curved or coiled, to 15 cm long and 1 cm wide; seeds shiny, black with red arils (edible); hammocks, pinelands, sand dunes adjacent to beaches; Broward, Dade, Martin, Monroe [incl. Keys] and Palm Beach cos.
67. Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl.

synonym: Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.) Hook.

Atlas: P. blephariglottis var. conspicua (Nash) Luer
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas

coastal plain: NJ south to FL then west to TX 

Clewell, 187

Godfrey and Wooten I, 635, 638

Luer, 140-142

Radford et al., 338-339

Small, 369-370, as 

Blephariglottis

Wunderlin, 240

white-fringed orchid

plume-of-Navarre

large white-fringed

orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial; to 1 m tall; lvs 2 -4, keeled, to 35 cm long; raceme, 30-50 flrs; flrs white, fringed lip 2 cm long, spur 3-4 cm long; marshes, meadows, depressions, bogs in pine savannas; Alachua, Brevard, Calhoun, Clay, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Suwannee, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Aug-Sep.
68. Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl.

synonym: Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Br. in Aiton
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas NY west to IL, south to AR, TX, FL 

Clewell, 187

Godfrey and Wooten I, 640-641

Luer, 138-139

Radford et al., 338-339

Small, 370

Wunderlin, 240

yellow-fringed orchid

orange plume

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial; to 1 m tall; lvs 2-4, keeled, to 30 cm long; raceme, 30-60 flrs; flrs orange, fringed lip 2 cm long, spur to 3.5 cm long and longer than the ovary; bogs, swamps, marshes, pine savannas, flatwoods, flood-plain forests, forest slopes; Alachua, Bay, Bradford, Brevard, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Gadsden, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Levy, Madison, Manatee, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Suwannee, Union, Volusia, Walton and Washington cos.; Aug-Sep.
69. Platanthera cristata (Michaux) Lindl.

synonym: Habenaria cristata (Michaux) R. Br. in Aiton
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; DPI poster, plate #49

MA south to FL, then west to TX 

Clewell, 187

Godfrey and Wooten I, 635, 639-

640

Luer, 142-143

Radford et al., 338, 340

Small, 369, as Blephariglottis

Wunderlin, 240

crested fringed orchid

orange crest orchid

golden fringed orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

Similar to P. ciliaris, but the spur ½ long as ovary and raceme narrower, smaller flowers; sphagnum and sedge bogs, meadows, pine savannas, flatwoods, wet prairies, edge of swamps, seepage slopes; Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Calhoun, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hillsborough, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Pasco, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Jun-Sep.
70. Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl.

synonym: Habenaria flava (L.) R. Br. in Aiton
 
 
 
 
 

MD south to FL, west to TX, AR, MO, IL IN, TN and KY 

Clewell, 187

Godfrey and Wooten I, 644-645

Luer, 149-150

Radford et al., 337-338

Small, 371, as Perularia

Wunderlin, 240-241

gypsy-spikes

southern tubercled

orchid

southern rein orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial; to 60 cm tall; lvs 2-3, middle of stem; raceme densely flowered; flrs yellowish-green, lip entire, with 2 small lobes at base and a tubercle near base; mud flats, floodplain swamps, meadows, swales; Citrus, Clay, Dixie, Duval, Franklin, Hernando, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Levy, Marion, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Sumter, Volusia and Wakulla cos.; Mar-Oct.
71. Platanthera nivea (Nutt.) Luer 

synonym: Habenaria nivea (Nutt.) Spreng.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas NJ, DE south to FL, west to TX, AR 

Clewell, 187

Godfrey and Wooten I, 640,

643-644

Luer, 146-147

Radford et al, 337

Small, 373, as

Gymnadeniopsis

Wunderlin, 237, as Habenaria

nivea

snowy orchid

bog-torch

frog-spear

white rein orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial; to 60 cm tall; lvs 2-3 near base; flrs intensely white, lip entire and uppermost, spur 2X longer than ovary; bogs, wet pine savannas and flatwoods, wet prairies; Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Clay, Collier, Dade, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Hills-borough, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Martin, Nassau, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, St. Johns, St. Lucie, Taylor, Union, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; May-Jun.
72. Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker-Gawl. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas

Canada south to FL, MN to TN southwest to TX 

Clewell, 187

Godfrey and Wooten I, 650,

652

Luer, 38-39

Radford et al., 342-343

Small, 375

Wunderlin, 241

rose pogonia

ettercap

crested ettercap 

rose crested orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial; to 35 cm tall; lv solitary, midstem; usually 1 flr (to 3), sepals widely spread, pink (to whitish); petals curve over the column, lip to 2.5 cm long, pink, margin fringed deep reddish-rose, 3 longitudinal rows of yellow bristles; sphagnum bogs, meadows, swamps, pine savannas, pine flatwoods, prairies; Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gilchrist, Gulf, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Johns, Union, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Mar-May.
73. Polygonella macrophylla Small
 
 

| Chafin FL, AL (1 county) 

Clewell, 454

Small, 449

Ward, 52-53

Wunderlin, 271-272

large-leaved 

jointweed

Polygonaceae; 

buckwheat

family

sub-shrub; to over 1 m tall; brittle stems; lvs alternate, blunt tips, entire; clusters of red flrs terminate stems; sand pine-oak scrub; Bay, Escambia, Franklin, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, (Wakulla) and Walton cos.; Oct-Nov.
74. Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urban
 
 
 
 
 
 

FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America 

Correll and Correll, 575-576

Long and Lakela, 444

Small, 651, as Laurocerasus

Wunderlin, 329-330

West Indian cherry

West Indian laurel-

cherry

Rosaceae;

rose family

shrub or tree, to 15 m tall; bruised lvs with almond scent, elliptic to oblong-ovate, abruptly acute or acuminate, to 12 cm long, entire, glandular along margin, glossy; axillary racemes shorter than lvs; sepals minute; petals yellowish white, to 3 mm long; drupe ca. 1 cm wide, glossy black-purple; hammocks; Dade Co., fall.
75. Psidium longipes (Berg) McVaugh
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Scurlock, p. 132 FL, West Indies 

Correll and Correll, 1052, 1054-

1055

Long and Lakela, 646-647, as 

Myrtus

Small, 937, as Mosiera

Wunderlin, 545

mangrove berry

long-stalked stopper

trailing eugenia

Bahama stopper

wild guava

Myrtaceae;

myrtle family

shrub or tree, to 4 m tall, short trunk, trailing branches; lvs opposite, ovate, oval to elliptic, to 5 cm long, thick, glossy, net veined, reddish veins below; flrs usually solitary; petals nearly equal, white to pink, ca. 7 mm long; stamens numerous, white; berry on long stalk, subglobose, persistent calyx, ca. 1 cm wide, black, many seeds, edible; hammocks, pinelands; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year.
76. Pteris bahamensis (J. Agardh) Fée

synonym: P. longifolia L. var. bahamensis (Agardh) Hieron.
 
 
 

| Atlas

FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America 

Correll and Correll, 41-42

FNA, 133-134

Lakela and Long, 70-73

Long and Lakela, 89

Small, ferns: 100-102, as

Pycnodoria bahamensis

Wunderlin, 42-43

Bahama ladder brake 

plumy ladder brake

Bahama brake

long-leaved brake

Pteridophyta--

Pteridaceae/

Polypodiaceae;

maidenhair fern

family/

polypody family

fern; lvs to 1 m, clustered, stiff, cpd; lflets undivided, well separated, narrow-linear, bases rounded or eared (not cordate), margins obscurely toothed; sori marginal, continuous, covered with reflexed lflet margins; limestone pockets in pine rockland, edges of hammocks; Broward, Collier, Dade, Monroe [Keys only], Palm Beach, St. Lucie cos.; all year.
77. Pycnanthemum floridanum Grant and Epling
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas FL and 1 county in GA 

Clewell, 386

Wunderlin, 534-535

Florida mountain-mint

horsemint

Labiatae/

Lamiaceae;

mint family

perennial herb, much branched above middle; lvs over 3 cm long, green, glabrous, opposite; infl terminal, cymose, congested but not in a head; bracts grayish due to tiny hairs, subtend several flowers, acute to acuminate; calyx and corolla tubular; 4 functional stamens with straight separate filaments; 4 nutlets are barely attached at bases; sandhills, 2nd pinelands; hammocks, wet pinelands; Alachua, Clay, Duval, Flagler, Hernando, Leon, Levy, Madison, Marion, Putnam, Seminole, St. Johns and Volusia cos.; Jul-Aug.
78. Quercus arkansana Sarg.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Brown and Kirkman, plate 23 FL, GA, AL, LA, AR 

Clewell, 363

Godfrey, 330-332

Small, 430

Wunderlin, 256-258

Arkansas oak Fagaceae;

beech family

small tree, to 17 m tall, bark with long narrow ridges and furrows, nearly black; lvs deciduous, [resemble Q. marilandica, but lacks gland-like hairs on lvs], variable, obovate, unlobed to slightly 3-5-lobed at tip, to 15 cm long, a few bristles extend beyond the veins, upper surface dark green, shiny, lower surface with shaggy, tawny stellate hairs in vein axils; acorn subglobose to 1 cm long, cup holding ¼ of acorn body; mixed woodlands, well-drained soils, bayheads; Calhoun, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos.
79. Reynosia septentrionalis Urban
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Scurlock, p. 138 FL, West Indies 

Correll and Correll, 898-899

Long and Lakela, 580

Small, 831

Wunderlin, 420

Darling plum

red ironwood

Rhamnaceae;

buckthorn family

shrub or tree, to 10 m tall, gray-brown bark, splitting into plates; lvs opposite, variable, oblong, ovate, to elliptic, notched at tip, margins rolled under, to 4 cm long, leathery, glabrous; axillary clusters; sepals 5 yellow-green, not crested, ca. 2 mm long; no petals; stamens 5, alternate with sepals; drupe dark purple, to 2 cm long, persistent style, edible; hammocks; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year.
80. Rhexia salicifolia Kral and Bostick
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

FL, AL 

Clewell, 432

Godfrey and Wooten II, 368-370

Wunderlin, 456

Panhandle meadow

beauty

Melastomataceae;

melastoma

family

perennial herb, to 20 cm tall, stems 4-angled, narrowly winged, roots with tubers near ends; lvs opposite, linear, spathulate, oblong or elliptic, twisted vertically, to 4 cm long, 5 mm wide, glandular hairs on surface, margins entire; cymes; hypanthium with neck shorter than body; calyx lobes triangular; petals deep lavender-rose, to 12 mm long, glandular hairs on outside; pond margins, coastal swales; Bay, Calhoun, Leon, Okaloosa, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.
81. Rhynchosia parvifolia DC.
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas FL, West Indies 

Isely, 105

Small, 713

Wunderlin, 369-370

small-leaf snoutbean Leguminosae/

Fabaceae;

legume family

Papilionoideae,

pea subfamily

herbaceous vine, stem gray-hairy, to 3 m long; lvs trifoliate, lflets elliptic or obovate to 2.5 cm long, leathery, glands hidden by hairs; raceme not longer than lvs; calyx 5-7 mm long; corolla yellow, gland dotted, standard to 1 cm long; legume elliptic, 1.5-1.8 cm long and 4-6 mm wide; pinelands, along trails, beaches; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year.
82. Rhynchospora stenophylla Carey ex Chapman
 
 
 
 
 
 

FL, SC, NC, AL, MS 

Clewell, 100

Godfrey and Wooten I, 386-387

Radford et al., 210

Wunderlin, 170-175

narrow-leaved beak rush

coastalplain beaksedge

Cyperaceae;

sedge family

similar to R. rariflora. tussocked perennial, to 60 cm tall; lvs capillary, channeled, ca. ½ length flowering stem; terminal clusters to 3 cm across; spikelets 4-5 mm long, falcate, with single flr; 6 bristles as long or longer than tubercle on achene; bogs; flatwoods; Bay, Franklin, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Taylor, Walton and Washington cos.
83. Sachsia bahamensis Urban

Kartesz: S. polycephala Griseb.

[In 1998 Rule, this species was ranked Endangered.]
 

| Atlas FL and West Indies

Cronquist, 175, as Sachsia 

polycephala Griseb.

Long and Lakela, 866

Ward, 59

Wunderlin, 646, as Kartesz

Bahama sachsia Compositae/ Asteraceae;

daisy family

tribe: Inuleae.

perennial herbs; basal rosettes of serrated lvs; stems up to 6/10 m tall; several heads, no ray flrs, marginal florets , with slender, hairlike corollas, yellow; inner florets bisexual, with tubular yellow corollas; pappus a single row of slender bristles; pine rocklands; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year.
84. Sarracenia minor L.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 72; Taylor, p. 132 NC to FL 

Clewell, 479

Godfrey and Wooten II, 192,

194

Radford et al., 512

Small, 582-583

Wunderlin, 319-320

hooded pitcher-plant

rain-hat trumpet

Sarraceniaceae; 

pitcher plant

family

perennial herb; lvs erect, to 1 m tall, but most less than 

½ m; green pitcher (turning reddish in sun) marked with white spots; hood arching over mouth; petals yellow, odorless; flatwoods, bogs, ditches; Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Marion, Nassau, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Sumter, Taylor, Union, Volusia and Wakulla cos.; Mar-May and Sept.

85. Sarracenia psittacina Michaux
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas GA, FL west to LA 

Clewell, 479

Godfrey and Wooten II, 192-

193

Small, 581

Wunderlin, 319-320

parrot pitcher-plant Sarraceniaceae;

pitcher plant

family

perennial herb; lvs evergreen, very narrow tube with wing, sprawling to erect, usually 9-28 cm long, green (reddish in sun) marked with white patches and red veined at top, hood curved (like parrot's beak); flrs high above the lvs, petals deep to bright red, faint sweet odor; flatwoods, bogs, often under water in floodtime; Baker, Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Nassau, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Mar-May.
86. Sarracenia purpurea L.

Atlas: S. rosea Naczi et al.
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 72 (inset)

Canada south to FL, MS, OH, IN, IL, IA 

Clewell, 479

Godfrey and Wooten II, 201-

202

Radford et al., 512

Small, 581

Wunderlin, 319-320

decumbent pitcher-

plant

flytrap

Indian pitcher

sidesaddle-plant

Adam's pitcher

huntsman's cup

devil's boots

Sarraceniaceae;

pitcher plant

family

perennial herb; lvs reclining, to 20 cm long, evergreen, inflated, with a prominent lateral wing, no white markings, green to purplish-red with red veins, hood erect (lets water enter); calyx dark red, petals rose pink, sweet odor with feline overtones; bogs, swamps, savannas, flatwoods; Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Gadsden,. Holmes, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton and Washington cos.; Mar-May.
87. Sarracenia rubra Walter

Often divided into subspecies, see Godfrey and Wooten.

In FL: ssp. wherryi and gulfensis.
 
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 72 NC, to FL, AL 

Clewell, 479

Godfrey and Wooten II, 196,

200-201

Radford et al., 512

Small, 581-582

Wunderlin, 319-320

sweet pitcher-plant

red-flowered pitcher-

plant

Sarraceniaceae;

pitcher plant

family

perennial herb; lvs erect, narrow trumpet-shaped, green to reddish, with reddish-brown veins, hood erect; flrs rise above lvs, petals red to maroon, sweet odor; stream banks, bogs, wet pinelands, seepage slopes; Escambia, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos.; Apr-May.
88. Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl

note: The exotic weed, S. taccada (S. sericea), has lvs more than 10 cm long and white drupes.
 
 
 

|Atlas; Scurlock, p. 146

FL, West Indies, Central and South America 

Correll and Correll, 1436-

1438

Long and Lakela, 820-821

Small, 1296

Wunderlin, 592

inkberry 

half-flower

beachberry

black soap

mad Moll

Goodeniaceae;

goodenia family

perennial herb or shrub; up to 1.5 m tall; lvs 3-6 cm long, alternate, glossy, winged stalk; corolla tube split on one side, white or pinkish, hairy inside; stigma with a cup underneath; berries black, juicy; beaches, coastal strand; Brevard, Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Manatee, Martin, Monroe [Keys only], Palm Beach, Pinellas, Sarasota and St. Lucie cos.; all year.
89. Senna mexicana (Jacq.) Irwin and Barneby

ours is var. chapmanii (Isely) Irwin and Barneby
 

synonym: Cassia chapmanii Isely
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 157; Scurlock, p. 39

FL, West Indies 

Correll and Correll, 617-619

Long and Lakela, 458-459

Small, 662, as Peiranisia

Wunderlin, 371-372

Chapman's sensitive

plant

Bahama cassia

Bahama senna

Leguminosae/

Fabaceae;

legume family

Caesalpinioideae,

cassia family

spreading or erect shrub, to 3 m tall; lvs with 4-5 pairs lflets, with sessile gland between lower pair, lflets elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, to 4 cm long; racemes axillary and terminal, 3-15 flrs; corolla golden yellow, to 3 cm wide, 5 petals unequally sized and shaped; 6 fertile anthers; legume flat, to 10 cm long and 7 mm wide, falcate, papery; seeds brown, shiny, numerous; pinelands, hammocks, coastal dunes; Dade and Monroe (Keys) cos.; all year.
90. Smilax havanensis Jacq.
 
 
 
 
 
 

FL, West Indies 

Correll and Correll, 307

Long and Lakela, 285

Small, 314

Wunderlin, 211

Everglades greenbrier

prickly green brier

China-brier

saw-vine

Chaney-vine

Smilacaceae;

smilax family

woody vine, to 4+m long, angled stems, rigid prickles; lvs oval, elliptic, ovate to obovate, to 8 cm long, leathery, margins sinuate and with prickles, 3 to 5 main veins, prickles on midrib below; tepals 1.5 mm long; frt subglobose, to 6 mm wide, black; 3 seeds, maroon red; pinelands, hammocks; Collier, Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; fall.
91. Solanum donianum Walpers 

synonyms: S. blodgettii Chapm.; S. verbascifolium L.

Atlas: S. donianum Walpers
 

| Atlas; Scurlock, p. 153 FL, West Indies, Mexico 

Correll and Correll, 1292

Long and Lakela, 756-757

Small, 1115

Wunderlin, 543-546, as S.

verbascifolium

potato tree

mullein nightshade

Solanaceae;

solanum family

shrub, to 3 m tall, stellate hairs; lvs elliptic to oblong, to 25 cm long and 7 cm wide, wavy margins; infl terminal clusters; corollas white, to 16 mm wide; berries bright red, globose, glabrous, to 6 mm wide; hammocks, lime sinks in pinelands; Collier, Dade and Monroe [including Keys] cos.; all year.
92. Spermacoce terminalis (Small) Kartesz and

Gandhi

synonym: Bourreria terminalis Small

[Wunderlin, 349, uses B. terminalis as synonym for S. verticillata; however, Kartesz lists both S. terminalis and S. verticillata L.]

endemic 

Long and Lakela, 805

Small, 1264, 1265

Wunderlin, 582-583

false buttonweed

Everglades Key false 

buttonweed

Rubiaceae;

madder family

perennial herb, to 30 cm tall; lvs opposite, to 3 cm long, linear-subulate to linear; infl terminal head; sepals 2 or 4; corolla tubular, 3 mm long, lobes and tube about same length, white; stamens 4, attached to corolla; capsule, 2-3 mm long; pinelands, coastal areas; Collier, Dade, Hendry, Martin, Monroe [Keys only] and Palm Beach cos.; all year.
93. Spiranthes laciniata (Small) Ames 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas NC to FL to TX 

Clewell, 188

Godfrey and Wooten I, 668-

669, as S. x laciniata

Luer, 96-97

Radford et al., 349

Small, 381, as Ibidium

Wunderlin, 243-244

lace-lip ladies' tresses

lace-lip spiral orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial herb; up to 60 cm tall; lvs basal or sheathing lower stem; inflor up to 50 flrs in single row, spiraled; flrs white, lip yellowish and lace-like at tip; shores swamps, marshes, flatwoods, wet sandy soil; Baker, Bradford, Broward, Charlotte, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade, Desoto, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gulf, Lake, Lee, Levy, Liberty, Martin, Monroe [not in Keys], Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Lucie, Sumter, Taylor, Union, Volusia and Wakulla cos.; Apr.
94. Spiranthes longilabris Lindl. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas VA to FL to TX 

Clewell, 188

Godfrey and Wooten I, 665,

667-668

Luer, 97-98

Radford et al., 348

Small, 381, as Ibidium

longilabre

Wunderlin, 243-245

long-lip ladies' tresses

giant spiral orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial herb; to 60 cm tall; lvs basal, less than 5 mm wide, wither before flowering; infl up to 30 flrs, slightly spiraled to secund; flrs to 7 mm long, whitish, gaping, lip yellowish and fringed at tip; prairies, flatwoods, marshes, sandy bogs; Broward, Charlotte, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Gulf, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lee, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Santa Rosa and Sarasota cos.; Nov-Dec.
95. Spiranthes tuberosa Raf.

synonym: Spiranthes grayi Ames
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

MA south to FL, west to IL, MO, AR, TX 

Clewell, 188

Luer, 105, 107

Radford et al., 34, 348

Small, 381, as Ibidium beckii

Wunderlin, 243-245

little pearl-twist

little ladies' tresses

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial herb; to 30 cm tall; lvs 2 or 3, basal; inflor up to 30 flrs in single rank, spiraled or secund on very slender stem; flrs to 3 mm long, snow white; dry acid soil, open pine-palmetto woods, pine flatwoods; Alachua, Bradford, Citrus, Dixie, Escambia, Gadsden, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Marion, Orange, Pinellas, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Suwannee and Washington cos.; Jun.
96. Stenorrhynchos lanceolatus (Aubl.) L.C. Rich.

Kartesz: Spiranthes lanceolata (Aubl.) Léon

See also, L. A. Garay's 1980 publ. in Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard) 28(4): 302 ff
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America 

Correll and Correll, 394-395

Luer, 117-122

Small, 183-184

Wunderlin, 242, as Sacoila

lanceolata var. lanceolata

leafless beaked orchid

terra-cotta orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial; to 60 cm tall; lvs 4-6, basal, may disappear at flowering; infl up to 30 flrs, long stalk; flrs reddish, column long and beaked; open pastures, roadside, wet pine flatwoods, sandhills; Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Brevard, Charlotte, Citrus, Collier, Dade, DeSoto, Flagler, Glades, Hardee, Hendry, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lake, Lee, Marion, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Sarasota, Seminole, St. Lucie, Volusia and Walton cos.; Apr-Jul.
97. Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.

[In 1998 Rule, this species was ranked as Endangered.]

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 130; Scurlock, p. 159

FL, West Indies, Central and South America 

Correll and Correll, 754 

Long and Lakela, 521

Small, 765

Wunderlin, 387

mahogany

West Indian mahogany

Madeira redwood

Meliaceae;

mahogany family

tree; up to 25 m tall; lvs alternate, cpd, mostly 4-8 lf-lets; flrs white, 3-4 mm long, many in open cluster; maritime and rockland hammocks; Dade and upper Keys, escaping to Broward, Collier and Monroe cos.
98. Tectaria heracleifolia (Willd.) L. Underw.
 
 
 
 

| Chafin FL, TX, Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America 

Correll and Correll, 44, 46

FNA, 303

Lakela and Long, 159-160

Long and Lakela, 103

Small, ferns: 204-206

Wunderlin, 56-57

broad halberd fern

halberd fern

Pteridophyta--

Dryopteridaceae/

Polypodiaceae/

Aspidaceae; 

fern families.

fern; lvs 40-60 cm long, once compound, lower lflets with large acuminate lobes at base; sori in two rows between the lateral veins, peltate covering over spores; rockland hammocks; Broward, Citrus, Dade, Hernando, Martin and Palm Beach cos.; all year.
99. Tephrosia mohrii (Rydberg) Godfrey 
 

synonym: Cracca mohrii Rydberg
 
 
 

endemic 

Clewell, 414

Isely, 189, as part of T.

virginiana (L.) Pers.

Small, 706, as Cracca mohrii

Wunderlin, 374-375, as part of

T. virginiana

pinelands hoary pea Leguminosae/

Fabaceae;

legume family

Papilionoideae,

pea subfamily

perennial herb; lvs with 13-23 lflets, narrowly elliptic, margins entire, usually less than 15 mm long, with appressed hairs; racemes terminal (Clewell), solitary or clustered in lf axils (Isely); calyx teeth lance-ovate or cuspidate; corolla yellowish and rose tinged; monadelphous stamens; sandhills; Okaloosa and Walton cos.; Apr. 
100. Tetrazygia bicolor (P. Mill.) Cogn.
 
 

| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 179; Nelson, plate #89 FL, Cuba 

Correll and Correll, 1055-

1056

Long and Lakela, 650-651

Small, 927

Wunderlin, 457

tetrazygia

Florida clover-ash

Melastomataceae;

melastoma

family

shrub or small tree; lvs with 3 conspicuous veins and lateral connecting veins, scurfy beneath; infl terminal; flrs white, 6-8 mm long; anthers curve; berry purplish to blackish; rockland hammocks, pinelands, disturbed areas; Dade and (Monroe) cos.; May-Aug.
101. Thelypteris augescens (Link) Munz and I.M. 

Johnston 
 
 
 
 
 

FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central America 

Correll and Correll, 48-49

FNA, 214

Lakela and Long, 140, 142

Long and Lakela, 101

Small, ferns: 238-241

Wunderlin, 49-50

abrupt-tipped maiden

fern

Pteridophyta-- Thelypteridaceae/Polypodiaceae/

Aspidaceae;

marsh fern

family/

polypody family

fern; similar to T. kunthii (southern shield fern), but firmer texture, scales on the rootstock with hairs, persistent scales on lower surface of rachis, narrower lflets, blade narrowing abruptly into pinnatifid apex; hammocks, sides of lime sinks, abandoned phosphate mines; (Collier), Dade, (Levy) and Monroe [Keys only] cos. 
102. Tillandsia balbisiana J.A. and J.H. Schultes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America 

Correll and Correll, 278-279

Long and Lakela, 267

Small, 271

Wunderlin, 193-194

inflated wildpine

reflexed wildpine

an air plant

northern needleleaf

Bromeliaceae;

pineapple family

epiphyte; to 65 cm tall; lvs basal rosette, slightly bulbous, gray (due to appressed scales), 1 cm wide at base, tapering, tips recurved and twisted; infl to 20 cm long, bracts often bright red, petals violet; hammocks, cypress swamps, pineland, scrub; Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, DeSoto, Glades, Hendry, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Martin, Monroe [including Keys], Okeechobee, Osceola, Palm Beach, Polk and St. Lucie cos.; fall.
103. Tillandsia flexuosa Sw.

[In the 1998 Rule, this species was ranked Endangered.]
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas FL, West Indies, Panama, South America 

Correll and Correll, 281, 283

Long and Lakela, 265, 266

Small, 271, as T. aloifolia

Ward, 116-117

Wunderlin, 193-195

twisted air plant

banded air plant

flexuous wild-pine

Bromeliaceae;

pineapple family

epiphyte; to 70 cm tall; rosette of lvs; lvs pale gray, with broad white bands, narrowly triangular with twisted tips; floral axis flexuous (=zig-zag), angled, floral bracts spreading; flrs to 4 cm long, rose or purple petals; shell ridges or mounds, hammock, swamps, mangrove, pinelands, scrub; Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Hendry, Highlands, Lee, Martin, Monroe [including Keys] and Palm Beach cos.; spring-summer.
104. Tillandsia valenzuelana A. Rich.

Kartesz and Atlas: T. variabilis Schlecht.
 
 
 

FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America 

Correll and Correll, 285

Long and Lakela, 265

Small, 271

Wunderlin, 194-195, as Kartesz

soft-leaved wildpine

leatherleaf airplant

Bromeliaceae;

pineapple family

epiphyte; to 50 cm tall; lvs basal urn-shaped rosette, soft, gray-silvery (dense, fine scales), outer lvs to 3 cm wide at base, channelled, attenuate tips; infl with reddish bracts, petals violet; hammocks, swamps; Broward, Collier, Dade, Hendry, Martin, Monroe [including Keys] and Okeechobee cos.; fall.
105. Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas MA south to FL and TX 

Clewell, 188

Luer, 248-249

Radford et al, 352, 353

Small, 387

Wunderlin, 245

crane-fly orchid 

elfin spur

crippled cranefly orchid

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial; to 60 cm tall; lv solitary, flush with leaf litter, not present at flowering, purple-red on lower surface, dark green above; terminal raceme, flrs widely spaced; flrs pale, mottled green, pink, maroon and gray, like "crippled craneflies" with asymmetric long petals, sepals and spur; rich woods, bluffs, floodplains; Alachua, Columbia, Escambia, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Marion, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Suwannee and Walton cos.; Aug.
106. Tragia saxicola Small
 
 
 
 

| Atlas endemic 

Long and Lakela, 556

Small, 788

Wunderlin, 408

rocklands noseburn

pineland noseburn

Euphorbiaceae;

spurge family

perennial with stinging hairs; stems slender and wiry, to 20 cm tall; lvs ovate to rounded, not lobed, 1-3 cm long, toothed, bases squared or heart-shaped; flrs not in involucres (as poinsettia has), sepals present; pine rocklands; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; Jun-Nov.
107. Triphora trianthophora (Swartz) Rydb. ex

Britton

Atlas: T. trianthophoros (Sw.) Rydb.
 

| Atlas ME, WI, south to FL, TX 

Luer, 48-49

Radford et al., 341

Small, 388

Wunderlin, 246

three-birds orchid

nodding etter-cap

nodding pogonia

Orchidaceae;

orchid family

terrestrial; to 25 cm tall; lvs 2-8, alternate, sheathing, to 1.5 cm long; flrs axillary in upper lvs, 1 to 6; flrs last only 1 day, nodding, pink and white; hammocks, rich woods; Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Hernando, Highlands, Lake, Levy, Marion, Orange and Suwannee cos.; Jul-Nov.
108. Tripsacum floridanum Porter ex Vasey
 
 
 
 

endemic 

Hall, 400

Hitchcock and Chase, 792

Long and Lakela, 202

Small, 37

Wunderlin, 138

Florida gamagrass

Florida tripsacum

Gramineae/

Poaceae;

grass family

perennial, clumped grass; similar to T. dactyloides except smaller: less than 1 m tall; lf without auricles at the base, blade less than 8 mm wide; spikelets terminal, spikelets single at each joint, sunken into the rachis, bony; pine rockland; Collier, Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; Jan-Jul.
109. Verbesina chapmanii J.R.Coleman
 
 
 
 

| Atlas endemic 

Clewell, 329

Cronquist, 48

Small, 1444, as Phaethusa

pauciflorum

Ward, 120-121

Wunderlin, 652

Chapman crownbeard

Chapman's 

crownbeard

Compositae/

Asteraceae;

daisy family

tribe: Heliantheae

perennial; lvs opposite, not decurrent; flrs in solitary head, disc flrs only, yellowish-orange; wet flatwoods, seepage slope, with wiregrass; Bay, Franklin, Gulf, Liberty, (Wakulla), Walton and Washington cos.; May-Aug.
110. Xyris scabrifolia Harper
 
 

GA, FL 

Clewell, 199

Godfrey and Wooten I, 493,

494

Small, 254

Wunderlin, 187-190

Harper's yellow-eyed-

grass

Xyridaceae;

yellow-eyed-

grass family

herb; lvs 2-70 cm long, narrow; flr stalk taller than lvs; lateral sepals inside bracts; 3 yellow petals; seepage slope, wet prairie, bog; Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Wakulla and Walton cos.; Aug-Sep.
111.. Zephyranthes atamasco (L.) Herbert

Kartesz has variant spelling: Z. atamasca
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Bell and Taylor, p. 18; Taylor, p. 38; DPI poster, plate #6

VA to FL to MS 

Clewell, 68

Godfrey and Wooten I, 598,

600

Radford et al., 320, 321

Small, 320, as Atamasco

atamasco

Wunderlin, 219-210

rainlily

atamasco lily

Easter-lily

Amaryllidaceae; 

amaryllis family Or, Liliaceae;

lily family

perennial herbs, tunicated bulbs, to 30 cm tall; lf sheaths overlapping, lvs linear, to 45 cm long and 4 mm wide, concave, but not grooved; flrs solitary, terminal, 6 tepals, tepals to 8 cm long, white fading pinkish, spread open, stigmas above anthers; low ground, rich, moist woods, wet pastures and meadows, limestone out-crops in woods; [Reported from: Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Flagler, Gilchrist, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Sumter, Taylor, Unionand Volusia cos.] Atlas: Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Hamilton, Hernando, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Nassau, Putnam, St. Johns, Suwannee, Wakulla and Walton cos.; spring.
112. Zephyranthes simpsonii Chapman 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas endemic, except for Horry Co., SC 

Godfrey and Wooten I, 600

Radford et al., 320

Small, 320-321, as

Atamasco simpsonii

Wunderlin, 219-220

Simpson's zephyr-lily

rainlily

redmargin zephyrlily

Amaryllidaceae;

amaryllis family Or, Liliaceae;

lily family

as Z. atamasco, except tepals not fully open and stigma at or below anthers; wet pinelands and pastures, adjacent roadsides; Brevard, Collier, DeSoto, (Flagler), Hardee, Hernando, (Highlands), Hillsborough, Lee, Levy, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pinellas, Polk, (Sarasota), (Seminole) and Volusia cos.; spring.
113. Zephyranthes treatiae S. Watson

Kartesz and Atlas: Z. atamasca var. treatiae (S. Watson) Meerow
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

| Atlas GA, FL 

Clewell, 68

Godfrey and Wooten I, 600

Small, 321, as Atamasco

treatiae

Wunderlin, 219-220

Treat's zephyr-lily

Easter-lily

Treat's rainlily

Amaryllidaceae;

amaryllis family Or, Liliaceae;

lily family

as Z. atamasco, except lvs nearly cylindrical, to 2 mm wide, not grooved; wet pine flatwoods, fire maintained., adjacent roadsides; Alachua, (Baker), Bradford, Clay, (Columbia), Dixie, Duval, (Gadsden), Gilchrist, (Hamilton), Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jefferson, Lake, (Madison), Marion, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Sarasota, St. Johns, Sumter, Taylor, Volusia and Wakulla cos.; spring.

  1. Florida Department of Agriclture and Consumer Services, Bureau of Entomology, Nematology, and Plant Pathology - Botany Section, Contribution No. 38, 4th edition (digital version), 2003.
  2. Botanist Emeritus, FDACS, Division of Plant Industry.
  3. Botanist, FDACS, Division of Plant Industry, P. O. Box 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614-7100.

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